The current novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is prevalent, and the elderly and chronically ill patients with poor basic nutritional status become more critically ill after infection, highlighting the more important nutritional treatment. In order to further promote the recovery of patients, improve the treatment effect, and reduce the mortality rate, the Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN) has put forward the following 10 medical nutrition expert recommendations for patients with new coronary pneumonia.
1. Principles: Nutrition therapy is the basic treatment method and one of the core contents of comprehensive treatment measures for patients with new coronary pneumonia; nutrition therapy should be based on nutritional diagnosis;
2. Method: Implement nutritional therapy according to the five-step method, diet + nutritional education, ONS, tube feeding, SPN and TPN;
3. Energy: According to the severity of the disease, it is recommended to supply 20-30kcal/kg/d;
4. Protein: The patient’s protein demand increases, and it is recommended to supply 1.0-2.0g/kg/d to increase the supply of branched chain amino acids;
5. Fat: preferentially use medium and long-chain fatty acids to increase the ratio of N-3 fatty acids and N-9 fatty acids;
6. Non-protein energy supply ratio: sugar/lipid is 50~70/50~30; non-protein calorie/nitrogen is 100-150/1;
7. Fluid volume: Pay attention to maintaining fluid balance. For large-area lung consolidation and elderly patients, it is recommended to control the volume of intravenous fluid infusion;
8. Micronutrients: routinely supplement a variety of vitamins and minerals;
9. Immunonutrients: pay attention to weigh the pros and cons, and master the indications;
10. Monitoring: Closely observe adverse reactions, evaluate treatment effects, dynamically adjust treatment plans, and pay attention to individual differences.